Cape Cod’s natural beauty is home to a wide array of wildlife, including several snake species that often stir up curiosity—and sometimes concern—among residents and visitors. The good news? Most snakes found in Cape Cod are harmless and play a vital role in maintaining local ecosystems. But how can you tell which are harmless and which (if any) you should be cautious around?
Here’s a helpful guide to identifying the most common snakes in Cape Cod—and whether or not they pose a threat.
Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)
Venomous? No
The Eastern Garter Snake is the most commonly encountered snake on Cape Cod. It typically has a black, brown, or olive-colored body with three light-colored stripes running down its back. These snakes thrive in a wide variety of habitats, from gardens and meadows to wooded areas and wetlands. They are non-aggressive and tend to flee when approached, although they may release a foul-smelling musk as a defense mechanism if threatened. Harmless to humans and pets, they’re a welcome garden guest thanks to their diet of insects and small rodents.
Eastern Milk Snake (Lampropeltis triangulum)
Venomous? No
Easily mistaken for a venomous species due to its striking appearance, the Eastern Milk Snake has a light gray or tan body covered in reddish-brown blotches outlined in black. These snakes are commonly found in forests, fields, and even barns, where they help control rodent populations. Despite their intimidating look, milk snakes are shy and non-aggressive. They prefer to avoid confrontation and pose no threat to people.
Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon)
Venomous? No (but often confused for one!)
The Northern Water Snake is thick-bodied with dark bands or blotches and ranges in color from brown to gray. It’s often seen near ponds, streams, and other freshwater sources. While non-venomous, this species is frequently mistaken for venomous snakes due to its appearance and sometimes defensive behavior. If cornered, it may hiss, flatten its body, or even bite, but its bite is not dangerous. These snakes are excellent swimmers and prefer to retreat rather than engage with humans.
Smooth Green Snake (Opheodrys vernalis)
Venomous? No
The Smooth Green Snake is one of the most visually distinctive snakes in the region, with its slender, bright green body and pale yellow or white belly. It favors meadows, grassy fields, and the edges of forests, where it hunts for insects. These snakes are extremely shy and rarely seen, preferring to avoid any interaction. Their calm nature and insect-based diet make them completely harmless and highly beneficial for natural pest control.
Black Racer (Coluber constrictor)
Venomous? No
Long, fast, and sleek, the Black Racer is a solid black snake with a white chin. It’s often spotted in open areas, such as fields and forest edges, and occasionally ventures into suburban neighborhoods. These snakes are highly alert and quick to escape danger. While not aggressive, they may vibrate their tails in dry leaves to imitate a rattlesnake if startled. However, they are not venomous and prefer flight over fight.
What About Venomous Snakes in Cape Cod?
Here’s the short answer: There are no venomous snakes native to Cape Cod.
While the Timber Rattlesnake is Massachusetts’ only native venomous snake, it is extremely rare and not found on the Cape. So if you come across a snake here, chances are it’s completely harmless.
What To Do If You Encounter a Snake
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Don't panic. Most snakes want nothing to do with you.
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Don't try to handle it. Even non-venomous snakes may bite if they feel threatened.
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Call a professional. If a snake is inside your home or in a place it shouldn’t be, give us a call.
At Critter Control of Cape Cod, we’re here to help you coexist safely with local wildlife. Whether it’s snake identification, humane removal, or long-term prevention, our trained technicians are ready to assist.